An individual retirement arrangement, or IRA, is a personal savings plan which allows you to set aside money for retirement, while offering you tax advantages. You may be able to deduct some or all of your contributions to your IRA. Amounts in your IRA, including earnings, generally are not taxed until distributed to you. IRA's cannot be owned jointly. However, any amounts remaining in your IRA upon your death can be paid to your beneficiary or beneficiaries.

To contribute to a traditional IRA, you must be under age 70 1/2 at the end of the tax year and you, or your spouse if you file a joint return, must have taxable compensation, such as wages, salaries, commissions, tips, bonuses, or net income from self-employment. In addition, taxable alimony and separate maintenance payments received by an individual are treated as compensation for IRA purposes.

Compensation does not include earnings and profits from property, such as rental income, interest and dividend income or any amount received as pension or annuity income, or as deferred compensation.

The most you can contribute to your traditional IRA for 2001 is the smaller of $2,000 or your taxable compensation for the year. For 2002, the $2,000 is increased to $3,000 or if you are 50 or older, $3,500. Keep in mind that contributions on your behalf to a traditional IRA reduce your limit for contributions to a 'Roth IRA'. If neither you nor your spouse is covered by a qualified retirement plan at any time during the year, your allowable contributions to a traditional IRA will be fully deductible.

If you, your spouse, or both of you are covered by a qualified retirement plan, your IRA deduction may be reduced or eliminated, depending on the amount of your income and your filing status.

Figure your deduction using the worksheets in the Instructions for Form 1040 or Instructions for Form 1040A or in Publication 590 (PDF). You cannot claim an IRA deduction on Form 1040EZ (PDF); you must use either Form 1040A or 1040. Form 8606 (PDF) should be attached to your return if any of your IRA contributions are not deductible. If both you and your spouse qualify, each of you may contribute to separate IRAs.

If you and your spouse file a joint return and your spouse is under age 70 1/2 at the end of the year, you may be able to make a contribution to a separate spousal IRA. For 2001, your total contribution to both your IRA and your spouse's IRA is limited to the smaller of $4,000 or your combined taxable compensation. You cannot contribute more than $2,000 to either IRA for 2001.

The deadline for making a contribution to a traditional IRA for the year is the due date of your return, not including any extensions of time to file.

You may choose to take the deduction on a return filed before the contribution is actually made, provided you make the contribution by the due date of that return, not including extensions.

Amounts you withdraw from your IRA are fully or partially taxable in the year you withdraw them. If you made only deductible contributions, withdrawals are fully taxable. If you made any non-deductible contributions, withdrawals are partially taxable. Use Form 8606 to figure the taxable portion of withdrawals.

Amounts you withdraw before you reach age 59 1/2 may be subject to a 10% additional tax. You also may owe an excise tax if you do not begin to withdraw minimum distribution amounts by April 1st of the year after you reach age 70 1/2. These additional taxes are figured and reported on Form 5329 (PDF). Refer to Instructions for Form 5329 for exceptions to the additional taxes. For information on Roth IRA contributions or distributions, refer to Tax Topic 309 and Tax Topic 428. For information on conversions from a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA, refer to Publication 590.

Additional information on IRA changes for 2001 and later years can be found in Publication 553 (PDF), Highlights of Tax Changes.

More information on IRAs, including information on tax-free transfers and rollovers, is available in Publication 590, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs).

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