This chapter discusses the taxability of any social security or equivalent tier 1 railroad retirement benefits you may have received. It also explains:

• How to figure whether your benefits are taxable,
• How to use the social security benefits worksheet (with examples),
• How to report your taxable benefits on Form 1040 and Form 1040A (with examples), and
• How to treat repayments that are more than the benefits you received during the year.

When the term "benefits" is used in this chapter, it applies to both social security benefits and equivalent tier 1 railroad retirement benefits.

Social security benefits include monthly survivor and disability benefits. They do not include supplemental security income (SSI) payments, which are not taxable.

Equivalent tier 1 railroad retirement benefits are the part of tier 1 benefits that a railroad employee or beneficiary would have been entitled to receive under the social security system. They are commonly called the social security equivalent benefit (SSEB) portion of tier 1 benefits.

If you received these benefits during 1998, you should have received a Form SSA-1099 or Form RRB-1099 (Form SSA-1042S or Form RRB-1042S if you are a nonresident alien) showing the amount.

What is not covered in this chapter. This chapter does not cover the tax rules for the following railroad retirement benefits:

• Non-social security equivalent benefit (NSSEB) portion of tier 1 benefits,
• Tier 2 benefits,
• Vested dual benefits, and
• Supplemental annuity benefits. ~

For information on these benefits see Publication 575, Pension and Annuity Income.

This chapter also does not cover the tax rules for foreign social security or railroad retirement benefits. These benefits are taxable as annuities, unless they are exempt from U.S. tax under a treaty.

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