Who Must File
Generally, individuals, partnerships, corporations, S corporations,
personal service corporations, cooperatives, insurance companies,
controlled foreign corporations, estates and trusts, and tax-exempt
organizations must file Form 3115 to change their accounting method.
The applicant is the taxpayer whose accounting method is being
changed.
Each applicant that is part of a related group must generally file
a separate Form 3115. However, Rev. Proc. 92-90, 1992-2 C.B. 501, and
Appendix A of Rev. Proc. 99-1* provide that a single Form 3115 may be
filed by a parent corporation requesting the identical accounting
method change on behalf of more than one member of a consolidated
group.
When and Where To File
A Form 3115 that is filed under Rev. Proc. 97-27 must be filed
during the tax year for which the change is requested. If the tax year
is a short period, file Form 3115 by the last day of the short tax
year. Form 3115 should be filed as early as possible during the year
of change to provide adequate time for the IRS to respond prior to the
original due date of the applicant's return for the year of change.
Applicants filing under any automatic change procedures (see list
beginning on page 1) generally must complete and file an application
in duplicate. The original must be attached to the taxpayer's timely
filed (including extensions) original Federal income tax return for
the year of the change. A copy of the application must be filed with
the IRS National Office no earlier than the first day of the year of
change and no later than when the original is filed with the Federal
income tax return for the year of change.
Applicants, other than exempt organizations, file Form 3115 under
Rev. Proc. 97-27 with the Internal Revenue Service, Associate Chief
Counsel (Domestic), Attention: CC:DOM:CORP:T, P.O. Box 7604, Ben
Franklin Station, Washington, DC 20044. Exempt organizations file with
the Internal Revenue Service, Assistant Commissioner (Employee Plans
and Exempt Organizations), Attention: E:EO, P.O. Box 120, Ben Franklin
Station, Washington, DC 20044.
The IRS normally acknowledges receipt of a completed Form 3115
within 30 days after the applicant's filing date. If nothing has been
received within 30 days of filing Form 3115, the applicant can inquire
to: Internal Revenue Service, Control Clerk, CC:DOM:IT&A, Room
5508, 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20224.
Note:
Applicants filing under any of the Automatic Change Procedures
will not receive an acknowledgment.
User Fee
Applicants filing under an automatic change procedure do not pay a
user fee. Other applicants requesting a change under Rev. Proc. 97-27
must pay a user fee of $1,200 for each Form 3115. Generally, a
separate user fee must be paid for each member of an affiliated group
that files an application. However, for rules regarding a parent
corporation requesting the identical accounting method change for more
than one member of a consolidated group, see paragraph (A)(5) of
Appendix A of Rev. Proc. 99-1*.
Taxpayers whose gross income (as defined in Appendix A of Rev.
Proc. 99-1*) is less than $1 million ($150,000 if the request involves
a personal tax issue) qualify for a reduced user fee of $500. The user
fee (check or money order payable to the Internal Revenue Service)
must be attached to Form 3115.
Late Application
A taxpayer that fails to timely file a Form 3115 will not be
granted an extension of time to file under Regulations section
301.9100-1 except in unusual or compelling circumstances.
Applicants filing a ruling request for an extension of time to file
Form 3115 under Regulations section 301.9100-1 must pay a $700 user
fee. A taxpayer that receives an extension of time under Regulations
section 301.9100-1 must also pay a separate user fee for the
accounting method request. See paragraph (A)(3)(b) of Appendix A of
Rev. Proc. 99-1*.
Specific Instructions
Follow the instructions below to correctly complete Form 3115.
- All applicants complete Parts I through IV unless otherwise
permitted.
Eligibility to request change using Automatic Revenue
Procedures. The questions in Part I that determine the
eligibility of a taxpayer to request a change under Rev. Proc. 97-27
are also generally applicable to taxpayers changing their method of
accounting under an automatic revenue procedure. (For example, see
section 4.02 of Rev. Proc. 98-60). However, taxpayers also must:
- Review the eligibility requirements applicable to the
revenue procedure under which they are filing, and
- Disclose all information relevant to their eligibility to
request the change regardless of whether the information is requested
on Form 3115.
- All applicants complete Schedules A, B, C, and D, as
appropriate, to the change in method requested.
Attachments submitted with Form 3115 must show the applicant's name
and identification number. Also, indicate that the information is an
attachment to Form 3115.
Page 1
Identification Number
Individuals.
Individuals enter their social security number (SSN). If the
application is for a husband and wife who file a joint income tax
return, enter both SSNs.
Others.
The employer identification number (EIN) of an applicant other than
an individual should be entered here. If the EIN is unknown because
one has been applied for but not yet received, enter Applied for.
Address
Include the suite, room, or other unit number after the street
address. If the Post Office does not deliver mail to the street
address and the applicant has a P.O. box, show the box number instead
of the street address.
Person To Contact
The person to contact must be an individual authorized to sign Form
3115, or the applicant's authorized representative. If this person is
an agent for the applicant, attach Form 2848, Power of
Attorney and Declaration of Representative.
Type of Accounting Method Change Requested
Check the appropriate box described below indicating the type of
change being requested.
- Depreciation or amortization. Check this box for
a change in either (a) the computation of depreciation or
amortization (e.g., the depreciation method or recovery period), or
(b) the treatment of salvage proceeds or costs of
removal.
- Financial products and/or financial activities of
financial institutions. Check this box for a change in the
treatment of a financial product (e.g., accounting for debt
instruments, derivatives, mark-to-market accounting, etc.), or in the
financial activities of a financial institution (e.g., a lending
institution, a regulated investment company, a real estate investment
trust, a real estate mortgage investment conduit, a financial asset
securitization investment trust, etc.).
- Other. Check this box if neither of the above
boxes applies to the requested change. State the type of method change
being requested and, in the space provided, enter a short description
of the change (e.g., LIFO to FIFO, change within section 263A costs,
deduction of warranty expenses, etc.).
Signature
Form 3115 MUST be signed and dated by the applicant as
discussed below. The applicants must print or type their full name
below their signature.
Individual.
If the application is filed for a husband and wife who file a joint
income tax return, the names of both should appear in the heading and
both should sign.
Partnerships.
Show the name of the partnership followed by the signature of one
of the general partners and the words General Partner.
Corporations, S corporations, personal service corporations, cooperatives, and insurance companies.
Show the name of the company and the signature of the president,
vice president, treasurer, assistant treasurer, or chief accounting
officer (such as the tax officer) authorized to sign, and that
person's official title. Receivers, trustees, or assignees must sign
the application they are required to file. For a subsidiary
corporation filing a consolidated return with its parent, the form
must be signed by an officer of the parent corporation.
Controlled foreign corporations (CFCs).
Show the name of the controlling U.S. shareholder(s) and the
signature of a principal officer of each CFC.
Estates or trusts.
Show the name of the estate or trust and the official title and
signature of the fiduciary, personal representative, executor,
administrator, etc., having legal authority to sign.
Tax-exempt organizations.
Show the name of the organization and the signature of a principal
officer or other person authorized to sign, followed by that person's
official title.
Preparer other than applicant.
If the individual preparing the application is not the applicant,
the preparer also must sign.
Pages 2 and 3
Line 12.
True copies of all contracts, agreements, instruments, proposed
disclaimers, and other documents directly related to the proposed
accounting method change must be submitted with the request.
Line 14a.
Insurance companies must also state whether the proposed method of
accounting will be used for annual statement accounting purposes.
Line 17.
If the applicant is a member of a related group, provide the gross
receipts for each member.
The gross receipts includes total sales (net of returns and
allowances) and amounts received for services. In addition, gross
receipts includes any income from investments and from incidental or
outside sources (e.g., interest, dividends, rents, royalties,
annuities, etc.). However, if the applicant is a reseller of personal
property, exclude from gross receipts amounts not derived in the
ordinary course of a trade or business.
Gross receipts do not include amounts received for sales taxes if,
under the applicable state or local law, the tax is legally imposed on
the purchaser of the good or service, and the applicant only collects
the tax and remits it to the taxing authority.
Line 25.
An individual authorized to represent the applicant before the IRS,
to receive a copy of the requested ruling, or to perform any other
act(s), must properly reflect the authorization on Form 2848.
Schedule A
Part I - Change in Overall Method
All applicants filing to change their overall method of accounting
must complete Part I.
Section 5.01 of Rev. Proc. 98-60 provides an automatic change
procedure the applicant may use to obtain expeditious approval for
change from the cash method or a hybrid method to an overall accrual
method or an overall accrual method in conjunction with the recurring
item exception to the economic performance rules. The procedure does
not apply to a taxpayer required to use inventories unless:
- The taxpayer is a reseller adopting the simplified resale
method under Regulations section 1.263A-3(d), or
- The taxpayer is a small reseller within the meaning of
Regulations section 1.263A-3(a), including a small reseller with de
minimis production activities within the meaning of Regulations
section 1.263A-3(a)(2)(iii).
The procedure also does not apply to a taxpayer required to use a
long-term contract method under section 460 or a taxpayer changing to
a special method of accounting unless the taxpayer is permitted to
change automatically to the special method under Rev. Proc. 98-60.
Examples of special methods include the use of a
long-term contract method, the nonaccrual-experience method, the
method of accounting for prepaid subscription income provided in
section 455, and the method of accounting for advance payments under
either Rev. Proc. 71-21, 1971-2 C.B. 549, or Regulations section
1.451-5.
A taxpayer changing to an overall accrual method in conjunction
with an inventory method of accounting or a special method of
accounting must submit a Form 3115 under Rev. Proc. 97-27.
Lines 1a through 1g.
Although some amounts requested here may not have been required in
figuring taxable income due to the applicant's present method of
accounting, include those amounts on lines 1a through 1g. Schedule A
will be incomplete if these amounts are omitted.
Note:
Do not include amounts that correct a math or posting error, errors
in figuring tax liability, or an adjustment to the useful life of a
depreciable asset.
Line 1b.
Include amounts received or reported as income that were not earned
in the prior year. For example, a discount on installment loans is
reported as income in the year the loans were made instead of in the
year(s) the income was received or earned.
Line 1h.
The following example illustrates how an applicant figures the
section 481(a) adjustment when changing to an accrual method, a
nonaccrual-experience method, and the recurring item exception.
Example.
ABC corporation, a calendar year taxpayer using the cash method of
accounting, has the following items of unreported income and expense
on December 31, 1998:
| Accrued income |
$250,000 |
| Uncollectible amounts based on the nonaccrual-experience
method |
50,000 |
| Accrued amounts properly deductible (economic
performance has occurred) |
75,000 |
| Expenses eligible for recurring item exception
|
5,000 |
ABC corporation changes to an overall accrual method, a
nonaccrual-experience method, and the recurring item exception for
calendar year 1999. The section 481(a) adjustment is figured as
follows:
| Accrued income |
$250,000 |
|
| Less: |
| Uncollectible amount |
50,000 |
|
| Net income accrued but not
received |
$200,000 |
| Less: |
| Accrued expenses |
75,000 |
|
| Expenses deducted as recurring item |
5,000 |
|
| Total expenses accrued but
not paid |
80,000 |
| Section 481(a) adjustment
|
$120,000 |
Line 2.
If an applicant is requesting to use the recurring item exception
(section 461(h)(3)), the section 481(a) adjustment must include the
amount of the additional deduction that results from using the
recurring item exception.
Part II - Change to the Cash Method
Limits on cash method use.
Except as provided below, C corporations and partnerships with a C
corporation as a partner may not use the cash method of accounting.
Tax shelters, also, are precluded from using the cash method. For this
purpose, a trust subject to tax on unrelated business income under
section 511 is treated as a C corporation with respect to its
unrelated trade or business activities.
The limit on the use of the cash method under section 448 does not
apply to:
- Farming businesses as defined in section 448(d)(1).
- Qualified personal service corporations as defined in
section 448(d)(2).
- C corporations and partnerships with a C corporation as a
partner if the corporation or partnership has gross receipts of $5
million or less. See section 448(c) to determine if the applicant
qualifies for this exception.
Farming corporations should see section 447 for limits on the use
of the cash method.
Another limit on the use of the cash method exists under
Regulations sections 1.471-1 and 1.446-1(c)(2)(i) if the applicant
purchases, produces, or sells merchandise that is an income-producing
factor in its business.
Schedule B
Use this schedule to request a change from one LIFO inventory
method or submethod to another LIFO inventory method or submethod. All
applicants changing within the LIFO inventory method or submethod must
complete Part I. Complete Parts II and III only if applicable.
Part III - Change to Inventory Price Index Computation (IPIC) Method
Applicants changing to the IPIC method must use this method for all
LIFO inventories. See Last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventories
(section 472) under the Automatic Change Procedures
on page 2.
Schedule C
Part I - Change in Reporting Income From Long-Term Contracts
Line 2a.
Under section 460(f), the term long-term contract means any
contract for the manufacture, building, installation, or construction
of property that is not completed in the tax year in which it is
entered into. However, a manufacturing contract will not qualify as
long-term unless the contract involves the manufacture of (a)
a unique item not normally included in finished goods inventory,
or (b) any item that normally requires more than 12
calendar months to complete.
Generally, all long-term contracts entered into after July 10,
1989, that do not meet the exceptions under section 460(e) must be
accounted for using the percentage of completion method. See Notice
89-15, 1989-1 C.B. 634, and section 460.
Line 2b.
To qualify for the contract exceptions under section 460(e), the
contract must be:
- A home construction contract entered into after June 20,
1988, involving single family residences and dwelling units in
buildings containing four or fewer units; or
- Any other construction contract entered into by the
applicant if, at the time the contract is entered into, it is expected
to be completed within 2 years and the applicant's average annual
gross receipts determined under section 460(e)(2) for the 3-year
period preceding the tax year the contract was entered into did not
exceed $10 million.
Line 4.
Under the simplified cost-to-cost method, only certain costs are
used in determining both (a) costs allocated to the
contract and incurred before the close of the tax year, and (b)
estimated contract costs. These costs are: (1) direct
material costs; (2) direct labor costs; and (3)
allowable deductions for depreciation, amortization, and cost
recovery allowances on equipment and facilities directly used to
construct or produce the subject matter of the long-term contract.
Part II - Change in Valuing Inventories
If the applicant is currently using a LIFO inventory method or
submethod and is changing to another LIFO inventory method or
submethod, Part II is not applicable. Use Schedule B,
Changes Within the LIFO Inventory Method.
Line 3.
If an applicant is subject to, but not in compliance with, section
263A, generally, the applicant must first comply with section 263A
before changing an inventory valuation method. See Regulations section
1.263A-7(b)(2) for exceptions.
Line 6a.
If the applicant properly elected the LIFO inventory method but is
unable to furnish a copy of Form(s) 970, attach the following
statement to Form 3115:
I certify that to the best of my knowledge and belief (name
of applicant) properly elected the LIFO inventory method by
filing Form 970 with its return for the tax year(s) ended (insert
date(s)) and otherwise complied with the provisions of section
472(d) and Regulations section 1.472-3.
Part III - Method of Cost Allocation
Applicants requesting to change their method of accounting for any
property (produced or acquired) under section 263A or any long-term
contracts under section 460 must complete this schedule.
If the change is for noninventory property that is subject to
section 263A, attach a detailed description of the types of property
involved and an explanation detailing how that property was accounted
for prior to January 1, 1987.
There are several methods available for allocating and capitalizing
costs under section 263A. A change to or from any of these methods is
a change in accounting method that requires IRS consent. Using the
applicable regulations and notice listed below, the applicant should
verify which methods are presently being used and the proposed methods
that will be used before completing Schedule C, Part III.
1. Allocating Direct and Indirect Costs
- Specific identification method - Regulations section
1.263A-1(f)(2).
- Burden rate method - Regulations section
1.263A-1(f)(3)(i).
- Standard cost method - Regulations section
1.263A-1(f)(3)(ii).
- Any other reasonable allocation method - Regulations
section 1.263A-1(f)(4).
2. Allocating Mixed Service Costs
- Direct reallocation method - Regulations section
1.263A-1(g)(4)(iii)(A).
- Step-allocation method - Regulations section
1.263A-1(g)(4)(iii)(B).
- Simplified service cost method:
- Using the labor-based allocation ratio - Regulations
section 1.263A-1(h)(4).
- Using the production cost allocation ratio -
Regulations section 1.263A-1(h)(5).
3. Capitalizing Additional Section 263A Costs
- Simplified production method:
- Without historic absorption ratio election -
Regulations section 1.263A-2(b)(3).
- With historic absorption ratio election - Regulations
section 1.263A-2(b)(4).
- Simplified resale method:
- Without historic absorption ratio election -
Regulations section 1.263A-3(d)(3).
- With historic absorption ratio election - Regulations
section 1.263A-3(d)(4).
- U.S. ratio method - Notice 88-104, 1988-2 C.B.
443.
Schedule D
Part I - Change in Reporting Advance Payments
Line 1.
In general, payments received for services to be performed in the
future must be included in gross income in the tax year of receipt.
However, Rev. Proc. 71-21 allows applicants on the accrual method, in
certain circumstances, to defer for Federal income tax purposes,
payments received (or amounts due and payable) in 1 tax year, if the
services are to be performed by the end of the succeeding tax year.
Under Rev.Proc. 71-21, amounts due and payable are treated as payments
received.
Line 2.
Advance payments received from a contract for the sale of goods can
be deferred for Federal income tax purposes until the 2nd year
following the receipt of substantial advance payments on the contract.
See Regulations section 1.451-5 for requirements that must be met and
for the definition of substantial advance payments.
Part II - Change in Depreciation or Amortization
Automatic change for section 167 property.
If the change is for property depreciated under section 167, the
applicant may be eligible to use Rev. Proc. 98-60. See the
Automatic Change Procedures on page 1.
When Not To File Form 3115
Do not file Form 3115:
- To make an election under sections 167, 168, or former
section 168. Make this election on the tax return for the year in
which the property is placed in service.
- To revoke an election made under sections 167, 168, or
former section 168. An election made under section 168(b)(2)(C),
168(b)(3)(D), or 168(g)(7) is irrevocable. To revoke any other
election under section 167 or 168, file a request for a letter ruling
with the IRS at the address listed under When and Where To File
on page 2. See Rev. Proc. 99-1*.
- To make or revoke an election under section 13261(g)(2) or
(3) of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1993 (relating to section 197
intangibles). Make this election in the manner prescribed in Temporary
Regulations section 1.197-1T. To revoke an election, file a request
for a letter ruling with the IRS at the address under When and
Where To File. See Rev. Proc. 99-1*.
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